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Origin of the Word “assassins”

The Nizari Ismailis were designated with a misnomer, Assassins in mediaeval Europe. This is an abusive term that had been given a wide currency by the Crusaders and their occidental chroniclers, who had first come into contact with the Syrian Ismailis in the Near East during the early decades of the 12th century. Charles E. Nowell writes in The Old Man of the Mountain that, "In the early years of the twelfth century, as the Christians spread their conquests in the holy land and Syria, they made the acquaintance of the Ismailis. Many of their historians had something to say about the sect, and what they gave was usually a mixture of information and misinformation" (cf. Speculum, 12:4, 1947, p. 503).

The Ismailis were not a band of terrorists, but their fighting against their oppressors was a struggle for survival. Mediaeval Europeans, who remained absolutely ignorant of Muslim beliefs and practices, had transmitted a number of tales, and produced a perverted image of the Ismailis. Rene Dussaud writes in Histoire et Religion des Nosaires (Paris, 1900) that, "One of the very few Europeans who have appreciated the good points of this remarkable sect and who is of opinion that the judgments pronounced by western scholars are marked by an excessive severity. It is certainly wrong to confound as do the Musulman doctors, in one common reprobation. And the Old Man of the Mountain himself was not so black as it is custom to paint him." In more recent times, too, many western scholars have continued to apply the ill-conceived term Assassins to the Nizari Ismailis without being aware of its etymology or dubious origin. Paul E. Walker makes his comments in his Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani: Intellectual Missionary (London, 1996, p. 1) that, "Until recently, however, the Ismailis were studied and judged almost exclusively on the basis of the evidence collected or fabricated by their enemies, including the bulk of the medieval Sunni heresiographers and polemicists who were hostile towards the Shi’is in general and the Ismailis among them in particular. These Sunni authors in fact treated Shi’ite interpretations of Islam as expressions of heterodoxy or even heresy. As a result, a ‘black legend’ was gradually developed and put into circulation in the Muslim world to discredit the Ismailis and their interpretations of Islam. The Christian Crusaders and their occidental chroniclers who remained almost completely ignorant of Islam and its internal divisions, disseminated their own myths of the Ismailis, which came to be accepted in the West as true descriptions of Ismaili teachings and practices. Modern orientalists, too, have studied the Ismailis on the basis of hostile Sunni sources and the fanciful occidental accounts of medieval times. Thus, legends and misconceptions have continued to surround the Ismailis through the twentieth century."

Benjamin of Tudela, the Spanish Rabbi of 12th century, who was the first European traveller to approach the frontiers of China (between 1159 and 1173). He is one of the early Europeans to have written about the Ismailis. He visited Syria in 562/1167, and described in his The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela (tr. by Marcus N. Adler, London, 1907) the Syrian Ismailis under the term of Hashishin. Next extant description is found in a diplomatic report of 570/1175 of Burchard, an envoy sent to Egypt and Syria by the Roman emperor Frederick I Barbarossa (1152-1190), in which he has used the word Heyssessini (in Roman, segnors de montana) for the Ismailis of Syria. William (1130-1185), archbishop of Tyre, is the first historian of the Crusades to have described the Ismailis of Syria in 581/1186 with the name Assissini in his History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea (tr. by Babcock and Krey, New York, 1943, 2:390), but also admits that he does not know the origin of this name, and by no means states that it was unknown to the Muslims. The German historian, Arnold of Lubeck (d. 610/1212) used for the Ismailis of Syria the term Heissessin in his Chronica Slavorum (1869, 21:240). James of Vitry, the Bishop of Acre (from 1216 to 1228), was perhaps the best informed occidental observer of Muslim affairs after William of Tyre. He produced his Secret Societies of the Middle Ages (London, 1846), wherein he applied the term Assasini for the Syrian Ismailis. William of Rubruck (1215-1295), who had completed his visit of China in 653/1255, seems to have been amongst the first Europeans to have designated the Iranian Ismailis as Axasins and Hacsasins, hitherto used only for the Syrian Ismailis. The eminent French chronicler, Jean de Joinville (1224-1317) produced a most valuable Histoire de Saint Louis, (comp. 1305) relates the Syrian Ismaili ambassadors, who had come to see King Louis IX (1226-1270) at Acre. Joinville referred to the term Assacis for the Ismailis. Marco Polo (1254-1324) has also used the word Ashishin in his travelogue.

Different etymologies of the modern word Assassins are given in the occidental sources, such as Accini, Arsasini, Assassi, Assassini, Assessini, Assessini, Assissini, Heyssessini etc. Thomas Hyde in Veterum Persasrum Religionis Historia (Oxford, 1700, p. 493) opines that the word Assassin must be the word hassas, derived from the root hassa, meaning to kill or exterminate. This opinion was followed by Menage and Falconet. De Volney also adopted this etymology in his Voyage en Egypte et en Syrie (1:404) without citing any evidence. Historian Abul Fida (d. 732/1331) writes that Masiyaf, a town that was the headquarters of the Syrian Ismailis, is situated on a mountain, called Jabal Assikkin (Jabal al-Sikkin). The word sikkin means knife or dagger, and the name of this mountain may thus mean, the mountain of the knife. This seems to be some analogy of the coinage of the above westerners, reflecting the view in Falconet’s Memoires de l’Academie des Inscriptions (17:163); who called it, la montagne du Poigard (mountain of the dagger). Silvestre de Sacy (1758-1838) however suggests that sekkin in this case is the name of a man, so that we should translate it the Sekkin’s Mountain (la montagne de Sekkin). Michel Sabbagh of Acre suggests the origin of al-Sisani. Instead of al-Sisani, the word often used is al-Sasani means the family of Sasan. This term is used by the Arabs to indicate an adventurer. Simon Assemani (1752-1821), the professor of oriental languages in Padua, used the word Assissana in his Giornale dell’ Italiana Letteratura (1806, pp. 241-262), and according to him, it is a corrupt form of Assissani in connection with the Arabic word assissath (al-sisa), meaning rock or fortress, and as such, Assissani (al-sisani) refers to one who dwells in a rocky fortress.

During the 17th and 18th centuries, the name Assassin received a good deal of attention from western scholars, who threw a flood of theories to explain its origin and significance. The mystery was finally seems to have solved by Silvestre de Sacy, who discovered that the word Assassin was Hashishiyya, i.e., the users of hashish.

The Muslims, having exhausted all their resources of condemnation, now restored to designate the Syrian Ismailis by different religious terms, such as Batiniyya and the Talimiyya. The Ismailis were also branded as malahida (or mulhidun) by their sworn enemies. Much less frequently, the Ismailis of Syria were called by other abusive term, such as Hashishiyya, i.e., the users of hashish. It seems that the oppressors had foiled in their attempt to extirpate the Ismailis and eventually made a last vehement strike upon them.

The earliest reported application of the term Hashishiyya to the Ismailis occurs in the anti-Ismaili polemical epistle issued in 517/1123 by the then Fatimid regime in Cairo on behalf of the caliph al-Amir (d. 524/1130), entitled Iqa Sawa’iqa al-irgham. This epistle contains the term Hashishiyya for the Syrian Nizari Ismailis for two times, vide pp. 27 and 32. It must be known that the well-known event of qiyamah celebrated at Alamut in 559/1164 became a main tool of the enemies of the Ismailis to discredit them. The orthodox Muslims waged a bitter propaganda, and uttered all the prevalent abusive terms for them. The dead term Hashishiyya once again was given a life, and it came to be used almost for the first time in the Seljuqid literatures. The earliest known Seljuqid chronicle is Nusratu’l Fatrah wa Usratu’l Fatrah (comp. 578/1183) by Imadudin Muhammad al-Katib Ispahani (d. 597/1201), which is now extant only in an abridged version compiled by Fateh Ali bin Muhammad al-Bundari in 623/1226, entitled Zubdatu’n Nasrah wa Nakhbatu’l Usrah (pp. 169, 195). Imadudin begins his chronicle from 485/1092, and did not put his work into its final form until 578/1183 when he had already been in Syria for 15 years. He seems first Seljuqid writer to have used the term, Hashishiyya for the Syrian Ismailis. Ibn Muyassar (d. 677/1278) simply states in his Tarikh-i Misr (p. 102) that in Syria, the Ismailis are called Hashishiyya, in Alamut; they are known as Batiniyya and Malahida; in Khorasan as Talimiyya. Abu Shama (d. 665/1267) also used Hashishiyya for the Syrian Ismailis in his Kitab al-Rawdatayn fi Akhbar al-Dawlatayn (1:240 and 258). Ibn Khaldun (d. 808/1406) writing after 13th century, mentions in Muqaddima (1:143) that the Ismailis of Syria, once called as al-Hashishiyya al-Ismailiyya, were known in his time as the Fidawiyya. All this sounds from the extant sources that the term Hashishiyya was commonly applied for the Syrian Ismailis between 11th and 12th centuries by the Muslims, and were ceased to be used since 13th century.

It is to be noted however that Juvaini and Rashiduddin do not use the term Hashishiyya for the Ismailis of Iran, as the term was not prevalent during their time in Iran. W. Madelung has however recently discovered in his Arabic Texts concerning the History of the Zaydi Imams of Tabaristan, Daylaman and Gilan (Beirut, 1987, pp. 146 & 329) that the Ismailis of Iran too were named Hashishiyya in some contemporary Zaidi sources compiled in the Arabic language at the Caspian region during the first half of the 13th century. The Zaidi Shi’ites were the closest rivals of the Ismailis in northern Iran and had prolonged military confrontations with them in the Caspian region, had launched their own anti-Ismaili literary campaign. This tends to reveal that these Arabian sources had referred to the Iranian Ismailis under the misnomer prevalent in their region for the Syrian Ismailis.

Hashish or Hashisha is the Arabic word for hemp, which is latinized cannabis sativa. Its variety is Indian hemp or Cannabis Indica, have been known and used in the Near East since ancient times as a drug with intoxicating effects. The earliest express mention of the word hashish contained in at-Tadhkirah fi’l Khilaf by Abu Ishaq ash-Shirazi (d. 476/1083). The use of hashish grew in Syria, Egypt and other Muslim countries during 12th and 13th centuries among the inferior strata of society. Numerous tracts were compiled by Muslim authors, describing that the use of hashish would effect on the users’ morality and religion. Consequently, the users of hashish qualified for a inferior social and moral status, similarly to that of a mulhida, or heretic in religion. Neither the Ismailis of Syria nor the contemporary non-Ismaili Muslim texts, which were rigorous towards the Ismailis, ever attested to the use of hashish among the Nizari Ismailis.

Hashish, a narcotic drug was a common usage in the Sufic orbits in Damascus since 11th century, and they were subjected to the hatred of the theologians. Franz Rosenthal writes in The Herb: Hashish versus Medieval Muslim Society (Leiden, 1971, p. 53) that, "The use of hashish by Sufi fraternities and their presumably large role in the spread of hashish use can be accepted as a fact in view of all the later evidence pointing in this direction." The Sufi initiates were called Hashishiyya, and it was commonly known among them as Hashish al-Fuqara (the herb of the fakirs). Among them, the other titles for hashish were "digester of food" (hadim al-aqwat), "rouser of thought" (baithat al-fikr), "queen of insanity" (sultanat al-junun), "the green one" (al-akhdar), "daughter of cannabis" (ibnat al-qunbus) etc.

Nuruddin Ali bin al-Jazzar writes in his Qam al-Washin fi dhamm al-barrashin (comp. before 991/1583) that the accursed hashish "was originated by some group around the five hundreds" (ahdathaha ba'd fi'ah fi nahw qarn al-khams mi'ah). According to Franz Rosenthal, "The word fi'ah (group) is used here for the sake of the rhyme and thus may very well mean Sufis, rather than sectarians or soldiers."(Ibid. pp. 53-4) Thus, it seems possible that hashish had been discovered around 500/1106 by the wandering Sufis, who qualified the title of mulhida, or heretic in religion, and the term Hashishiyya became a common abuse in the society. Az-Zarkashi (745-794/1344-1392) in Zahr al-arish fi ahkam al-hashish and al-Ukbari (d. 690/1291) in Kitab as-Sawanih however write that it was believed that a Sufi Shaikh Hyder (d. 618/1221), the founder of Hyderi Sufi Order, discovered hashish in the province of Nishabur around the year 550/1155. This seems almost imponderable version. Franz Rosenthal writes in this context that, "The use of the drug became common among Haydar’s followers only years after his death. Therefore, the Khurasanians ascribed the introduction of the drug to him who was completely innocent of it." (Ibid. p. 45) Others also connected the introduction of hashish with a certain Sufi Ahmad as-Sawaja. In sum, hashish seems to have been discovered by the Sufis around 500/1106, but its propaganda to use and the special way of preparing it to use was introduced by the followers of Shaikh Hyder after his death. The Turkish poet, Fuzuli (885-963/1480-1556) writes in his poem, Layla Megnun (p. 167) that, "Hashish can claim to be the friend of dervishes and to be available in the corner of every mosque and among all kinds of scholars." Hashish also enjoyed particular favour in the Sufic poems, such as Ibn Kathir (13:314) quotes the following verses:-

Hashish contains the meaning of my desire.

You dear people of intelligence and understanding.

They have declared it forbidden without any justification on the basis of reason and tradition.

Declaring forbidden what is not forbidden is forbidden.

Al-Badri quotes a poem of a certain Muhammad bin Makki bin Ali bin al-Hussain al-Mashhadi, which reads:-

The use of hashish is censured by all silly persons, weak of mind, insensitive,

To the censure coming from stupid and envious individuals.

Share hashish with a goodly young man firm.

In the preservation of friendship and appointments.

Is it not a relaxation for the mind? Thus enjoy

It, all you sensible men!

Note: For Full article, please Follow the link in About Author/Resource Box.

About the Author

Mumtaz Ali Tajddin S. Ali is an popular Ismaili Scholar, He has written many books on Religious Practices and Pillars, tradition and culture of Islam and Ismailism, Origin Of The Word “Assassins” is an article taken from Encyclopedia of Ismailism.

What is your favorite part of Super Bowl 42?

A) One of the biggest upsets ever
B) Greatest catches in NFL history
C) Joe Montana drive
D) Giants proved you can win it all without cheating
E) New York-Boston rivalry
F) 5th seed team winning Super Bowl against undefeated team
G) Michael Strahan winning a Super Bowl ring after 15 years before retiring
H) Eli Manning wins Super Bowl MVP a year after his brother Peyton Manning was Super Bowl MVP who beat the Patriots to get to the Super Bowl in the biggest comeback in Conference Championship history.
I) Eli Manning looking like Roger Staubach before David Tyree made his dramtic catch.
J) The city of New York finally having something to cheer about since before Sept 11.
I said BEFORE Sept 11.

"Flee to Tyree." Fluke though it was, absolutely one of the greatest plays in league history. I am a Packers fan so you better believe I was still hurting, but I cheered so loudly when he caught that pass...

Most important play of Super Bowl XLII (Manning to Tyree)

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Mt. Tyree, Antarctica's Second Highest Mountain at Ca. 16,000 Feet $39.99 Gordon Wiltsie Mt. Tyree, Antarctica's Second Highest Mountain at Ca. 16,000 Feet - Photographic Print

Musician Louis Armstrong and Tyree Glenn Performing Hello Dolly at the Steel Pier $79.99 John Loengard Musician Louis Armstrong and Tyree Glenn Performing "Hello Dolly" at the Steel Pier - Premium Photographic Print

All About Autographs AAA-10884 David Tyree New York Giants NFL 8x10 Photograph Super Bowl XLII One Handed Helmet Catch $18.38 There is no better way to commemorate your favorite player or team than this quality 8x10 Premium Photograph. Item comes in a 8x10 toploader sleeve, that will store and protect your favorite photograph. Rigid protection for photos, prevents creases and folds. Printed in the USA, Watermark (if shown) is not on the Finished Product.

All About Autographs AAA10884 David Tyree New York Giants NFL 8x10 Photograph Super Bowl XLII One Handed Helmet Catch $22.75 There is no better way to commemorate your favorite player or team than this quality 8x10 Premium Photograph. Item comes in a 8x10 toploader sleeve' that will store and protect your favorite photograph. Rigid protection for photos' prevents creases and folds. Printed in the USA' Watermark (if shown) is not on the Finished Product.

A Nice Girl Like You by Campbell, Tyree [Paperback] $12.7 Meet seven nice girls of science fictiona corporate detective, a couple from a long forgotten colony, the last woman on Earth, an outcast teenager, a reclusive archaeologist, and a softhearted assassin. Now see them cope with murder, prohibitions, survival, loneliness, relationships, and revenge. Tyree Campbell deftly blurs the lines of what it is to be a nice girl in an outofthisworld collection of stories. Author: Campbell, Tyree Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 108 Publication Date: 2007/11/01 Language: English Dimensions: 5.51 x 8.50 x 0.25 inches

The Last Street Novel By Tyree, Omar $18.54 A successful AfricanAmerican novelist who has made his reputation with a series of steamy, romantic novels for women, Shareef Crawford yearns to expand his literary range and audience, but is unable to find the essential inspiration, until a book tour brings him home to Harlem, where he suddenly finds himself in the middle of a violent gang war. Reprint. 50,000 first printing. Author: Tyree, Omar Publication Date: 2008/06/24 Number of Pages: 401 Binding Type: Paperback Language: English Depth: 1.00 Width: 5.50 Height: 8.50

Eli Manning Photograph - David Tyree Color Framed Collage $199.2 Eli Manning Photograph - David Tyree Color Framed Collage This is a framed collage with 2 unsigned photos of Eli Manning pulling away and David Tyree making that great catch in one of the greatest plays in Super Bowl History with a plaque that says The Immaculate Connection and a NY Logo.

Giants DAVID TYREE SB Champions 8x10 photo #3 $7.21 Giants DAVID TYREE SB Champions 8x10 photo #3 Giants DAVID TYREE SB Champions 8x10 photo #3Every signed item comes fully certified with a tamper proof hologram certificate of authenticity and is backed by the SportsMemorabilia.com Authenticity Guarantee.

Giants DAVID TYREE SB Champions 8x10 photo #1 $7.21 Giants DAVID TYREE SB Champions 8x10 photo #1 Giants DAVID TYREE SB Champions 8x10 photo #1Every signed item comes fully certified with a tamper proof hologram certificate of authenticity and is backed by the SportsMemorabilia.com Authenticity Guarantee.

Giants ELI MANNING DAVID TYREE 8x10 SUPER BOWL CATCH! $8.66 Giants ELI MANNING DAVID TYREE 8x10 SUPER BOWL CATCH! Giants ELI MANNING DAVID TYREE 8x10 SUPER BOWL CATCH!Every signed item comes fully certified with a tamper proof hologram certificate of authenticity and is backed by the SportsMemorabilia.com Authenticity Guarantee.

David Tyree Autographed Photograph - 8x10 Super Bowl Catch SI Cover $158.1 David Tyree Autographed Photograph - 8x10 Super Bowl Catch SI Cover David Tyree autographed 8x10 Photo (Super Bowl Catch) SI Cover ** item pictured above comes with autographwarehouse certificate of authenticity and numbered hologram. Item comes fully certified with a tamper-evident, serialized hologram and certificate of authenticity.

David Tyree Signed Photograph - 8x10 Super Bowl ZLII Catch color $158.1 David Tyree Signed Photograph - 8x10 Super Bowl ZLII Catch color David Tyree autographed 8x10 Photo (Super Bowl XLII Catch) color ** item pictured above comes with autographwarehouse certificate of authenticity and numbered hologram. Item comes fully certified with a tamper-evident, serialized hologram and certificate of authenticity.

David Tyree Giants Signed More Than Just A Catch Book $50.09 David Tyree Giants Signed More Than Just A Catch Book DAVID TYREE GIANTS SIGNED MORE THAN JUST A CATCH BOOKEvery signed item comes fully certified with a tamper proof hologram certificate of authenticity and is backed by the SportsMemorabilia.com Authenticity Guarantee.

David Tyree Touchdown Catch SuperBowl XLII 2008 Action #14 8x10 Photo $5.74 David Tyree Touchdown Catch SuperBowl XLII 2008 Action #14 8x10 Photo David Tyree Touchdown Catch SuperBowl XLII 2008 Action #14 8x10 Photo

Proverbs for the People: Contemporary African-American Stories $3.95 - In the tradition of Terry McMillan's bestseller Breaking Ice, Proverbs for the People features New York Times bestselling authors such as Pearl Cleage and Omar Tyree

The Big Lebowski By Tyree, J. m./ Walters, Ben $24.65 Since its release, The Big Lebowski has become a classic. This study sets the movie into the context of 1990s Hollywood cinema, anatomised for its relationship with the classics which it satirises, and discussed in terms of its key theme: the hopeless flailing of ridiculously unmanly men in the world of puton identities that is Los Angeles. Author: Tyree, J. m./ Walters, Ben Series Title: Bfi Film Classics Publication Date: 2007/06/27 Number of Pages: 123 Binding Type: Paperback Language: English Depth: 0.25 Width: 5.25 Height: 7.50

Four Walls by Braden, Tyree M. [Paperback] $17.11 This story is about three Southern couples and their hard times. While going through tough times, tragedy, heartbreak, and secrets, they either find each other or lose each other. Follow them and their story as they face the challenges that their lives in Mississippi puts in front of them. Author: Braden, Tyree M. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 90 Publication Date: 2011/06/16 Language: English Dimensions: 9.00 x 6.00 x 0.22 inches

Museum of the City of New York $10 Museum of the City of New York

Autographed David Tyree Photograph - SB Catch Horiz 8x10 $85 Autographed David Tyree Photograph - SB Catch Horiz 8x10 This item was hand signed by David Tyree at a Private Autograph Signing and is accompanied by a Certificate of Authenticity from SportsMemorabilia.com and proof photo from the signing. A tamper-evident hologram will be affixed to the item. Signed items are guaranteed to pass any third-party authentication with 100% Money Back Guarantee. Each signature is witnessed by a member of our staff or comes out of a private signing.

Autographed David Tyree 16-by-20 inch framed photo $236.3 Autographed David Tyree 16-by-20 inch framed photo Autographed David Tyree 16-by-20 inch framed photo. The photo is of David's famous helmet catch. During the play, Eli Manning avoided being sacked and threw a deep pass over the middle of the field which Tyree caught and pinned to the top of his helmet during his jump. He managed to keep control of the ball on his way to the ground while being tackled by safety Rodney Harrison. The Giants went on to win Super Bowl 42 17-14 over the previously undefeated New England Patriots. UpperDeck Authenticated This items comes with a certificate and matching hologram from UpperDeck Authenticated(UDA). At the heart of the company's patented five-step authentication process is the company's policy that an Upper Deck representative must witness each autograph signed by any one of the high-profile athletes with whom it has a relationship. The five-step process goes like this: Step 1 Every autograph is witnessed by an Upper Deck Authenticated representative. After all, observation is the ONLY WAY to truly guarantee authenticity; Step 2 A record of the autograph session is signed by both the athlete and the UDA official and is stored in a secure permanent file; Step 3 An Upper Deck Authenticated serial numbered hologram is affixed to each signed piece of memorabilia; Step 4 A certificate of authenticity is assigned to every piece of memorabilia and includes a matching hologram to the one affixed to the item; Step 5 Every piece of signed memorabilia is packaged with a registration card. The owner has the opportunity to register the item with Upper Deck Authenticated. If for some reason the item is sold and/or transferred to a new owner, a full detailed record of the item's history is readily available. This particular item was done at a show using the on-site UDA hologram process in which UDA witnesses and authenticates the items in a show atmosphere. The only difference between these items and regular UDA items is that the serial number begins with SHO and the items do not come with the usual UDA box and/or bag. All other aspects of the 5 step process is exactly the same.

Freestyle New York $109 New York Attractions Pass from Gray Line New York

All About Autographs AAA-10884m David Tyree New York Giants NFL Double Matted 8x10 Photograph Super Bowl XLII One Handed Helmet Catch $24.53 There is no better way to commemorate your favorite player or team than this quality Double Matted 8x10 Premium Photograph. This collectible features: 8x10 Premium Photograph, Double Acid Free Mats, Cardboard Backer and Ultra Clear Sleeve. Item will fit most standard 11x14 frames. Individually Inspected, Shipped Flat, Assembled in the USA, Watermark (if shown) is not on the Finished Product.

All About Autographs AAA10884m David Tyree New York Giants NFL Double Matted 8x10 Photograph Super Bowl XLII One Handed Helmet Catch $31.2 There is no better way to commemorate your favorite player or team than this quality Double Matted 8x10 Premium Photograph. This collectible features: 8x10 Premium Photograph' Double Acid Free Mats' Cardboard Backer and Ultra Clear Sleeve. Item will fit most standard 11x14 frames. Individually Inspected' Shipped Flat' Assembled in the USA' Watermark (if shown) is not on the Finished Product.

David Tyree 8x10 - Amazing Catch Super Bowl XLII $5.95 David Tyree 8x10 - Amazing Catch Super Bowl XLII Show support for your favorite celebrity or athlete with a high quality photo! This 8x10 will look great displayed in any fan's home or office. Many other photos available including movie stills actors & actresses musicians athletes and more!

David Tyree 8x10 - Great Catch Super Bowl XLII $5.95 David Tyree 8x10 - Great Catch Super Bowl XLII Show support for your favorite celebrity or athlete with a high quality photo! This 8x10 will look great displayed in any fan's home or office. Many other photos available including movie stills actors & actresses musicians athletes and more!

Freestyle New York Pick 3 $109 hop-on hop-off double decker tours of New York that includes the your choice of 3 New york city attractions.

Freestyle New York Pick 5 $154 hop-on hop-off double decker tours of New York that includes the your choice of 3 New york city attractions.

Freestyle New York Pick 7 $190 hop-on hop-off double decker tours of New York that includes the your choice of 3 New york city attractions.

The Greatest Plays in New York Giants History $22.46 For serious football fans wanting to relive the most unforgettable, extraordinary, and gut-wrenching moments in New York Giants history, this account explores the team's greatest plays, providing context, back story, relevant circumstances, and comments from those directly involved in each play. Photos help reanimate memories, including David Tyree's miracle catch to help upset the Patriots in Super Bowl XLII, backup quarterback Jeff Hostetler leading the team to an improbable Super Bowl XXV victory, the 2005 36-0 thrashing of rival Redskins to honor late owner Wellington Mara, and Kerry Collins' five touchdowns in one day to lead the team to Super Bowl XXXV.

Signed David Tyree Photo - Super Bowl Catch Deluxe Framed 11x14 $212.5 Signed David Tyree Photo - Super Bowl Catch Deluxe Framed 11x14 This item was hand signed by the athlete at a Private Autograph Signing and is accompanied by a Certificate of Authenticity from SportsMemorabilia.com. A tamper-evident hologram will be affixed to the item. Signed items are guaranteed to pass any third-party authentication with 100% Money Back Guarantee. Each signature is witnessed by a member of our staff or comes out of a private signing.

Freedom Trail Boston Tours from New York $149 Boston day trips from New York, NYC

New-York Historical Society Museum and Library $15 New-York Historical Society Museum and Library

Gossip Girl Tour New York City $42 The Gossip Girl Sites tour in New York.

The Gray Line New York Eat and Play Card $24.99 The Gray Line New York Eat and Play Card

New York TV and Movie Sites Tour $40 New York TV and Movie Sites Tour

Classic New York Double-Decker Bus Tour $89 Double decker New York sightseeing bus tours from Gray Line New York.

VIP New York Private Tours (4hrs) $696 Private tour guide in new york from Gray Line New York Sightseeing.

David Tyree Autographed Picture - 8 by 10 inch unframed $100.3 David Tyree Autographed Picture - 8 by 10 inch unframed Autographed David Tyree 8-by-10 inch unframed photo. The photo is of David's famous helmet catch. During the play, Eli Manning avoided being sacked and threw a deep pass over the middle of the field which Tyree caught and pinned to the top of his helmet during his jump. He managed to keep control of the ball on his way to the ground while being tackled by safety Rodney Harrison. The Giants went on to win Super Bowl 42 17-14 over the previously undefeated New England Patriots. UpperDeck Authenticated This items comes with a certificate and matching hologram from UpperDeck Authenticated(UDA). At the heart of the company's patented five-step authentication process is the company's policy that an Upper Deck representative must witness each autograph signed by any one of the high-profile athletes with whom it has a relationship. The five-step process goes like this: Step 1 Every autograph is witnessed by an Upper Deck Authenticated representative. After all, observation is the ONLY WAY to truly guarantee authenticity; Step 2 A record of the autograph session is signed by both the athlete and the UDA official and is stored in a secure permanent file; Step 3 An Upper Deck Authenticated serial numbered hologram is affixed to each signed piece of memorabilia; Step 4 A certificate of authenticity is assigned to every piece of memorabilia and includes a matching hologram to the one affixed to the item; Step 5 Every piece of signed memorabilia is packaged with a registration card. The owner has the opportunity to register the item with Upper Deck Authenticated. If for some reason the item is sold and/or transferred to a new owner, a full detailed record of the item's history is readily available. This particular item was done at a show using the on-site UDA hologram process in which UDA witnesses and authenticates the items in a show atmosphere. The only difference between these items and regular UDA items is that the serial number begins with SHO and the items do not come with the usual UDA box and/or bag. All other aspects of the 5 step process is exactly the same.

Signed David Tyree Picture - 16 by 20 inch unframed $117.3 Signed David Tyree Picture - 16 by 20 inch unframed Autographed David Tyree 16-by-20 inch unframed photo. The photo is of David's famous helmet catch. During the play, Eli Manning avoided being sacked and threw a deep pass over the middle of the field which Tyree caught and pinned to the top of his helmet during his jump. He managed to keep control of the ball on his way to the ground while being tackled by safety Rodney Harrison. The Giants went on to win Super Bowl 42 17-14 over the previously undefeated New England Patriots. UpperDeck Authenticated This items comes with a certificate and matching hologram from UpperDeck Authenticated(UDA). At the heart of the company's patented five-step authentication process is the company's policy that an Upper Deck representative must witness each autograph signed by any one of the high-profile athletes with whom it has a relationship. The five-step process goes like this: Step 1 Every autograph is witnessed by an Upper Deck Authenticated representative. After all, observation is the ONLY WAY to truly guarantee authenticity; Step 2 A record of the autograph session is signed by both the athlete and the UDA official and is stored in a secure permanent file; Step 3 An Upper Deck Authenticated serial numbered hologram is affixed to each signed piece of memorabilia; Step 4 A certificate of authenticity is assigned to every piece of memorabilia and includes a matching hologram to the one affixed to the item; Step 5 Every piece of signed memorabilia is packaged with a registration card. The owner has the opportunity to register the item with Upper Deck Authenticated. If for some reason the item is sold and/or transferred to a new owner, a full detailed record of the item's history is readily available. This particular item was done at a show using the on-site UDA hologram process in which UDA witnesses and authenticates the items in a show atmosphere. The only difference between these items and regular UDA items is that the serial number begins with SHO and the items do not come with the usual UDA box and/or bag. All other aspects of the 5 step process is exactly the same.

Madame Tussauds New York Wax Museum $39 Madame Tussauds wax museum in New York City, tickets and information.

Washington D.C. - Bus Tours from New York $149 Washington DC day trips from New York City.

Philadelphia And Amish Country - Bus Tours From New York $149 Philadelphia Day trips from New York, NYC.

Foreign Language Tour with Classic New York $99 The best hop on hop bus tours in New York City & foreign language tours of NY.

Woodbury Common Premium Outlets Bus from New York $42 The best Woodbury Outlet bus from New York. See the bus schedule to Woodbury from Port Authority Bus Terminal in New York.

Montipora undata Tyree Undata Coral Frag (Jason Fox) $29.99 Montipora undata is one of the hottest and most exclusive frags on the propogation circuit. The Tyree Undata Frag has a purplish-brown base color with distinctive white polyps that may even have a light green tint under some lighting. Montipora corals are found in many types of reef environments. They can form branchy colonies in deeper waters or flat encrusting plates in shallow, high energy environments. Many colors can also be found in this huge family. As home propogation becomes more popular, exotic color combinations are making their way into the trade alongside solid purple, green, brown, yellow and red colonies. Since montipora is found in many different environments, its needs vary between colonies. Generally speaking, they tend to prefer high lighting and water movement, especially vividly colored colonies. They will tolerate lower lighting, but tend to become more brown or dark green in color. Jason Fox is well known within the coral enthusiast world as one of the premier coral farmers in the U.S.A. Jason has spent years accumulating a spectacular collection of corals in his farm, TFP is proud to offer some of Jason's signature corals as part of our coral frag collection.

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