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Reebok Flex

How Sports Shoes Have Evolved Over The Years

We find ourselves in the midst of Olympic Games fever once again. Our top athletes are competing at the highest level and strive for top honours in their chosen fields. Most of the older will remember the rubber-soled plimsolls that were traditionally worn in PE lessons throughout most schools in Europe. These were available in any colour you liked as long as it was black or white.

These have been replaced by air cushioned, gel filled capsules with superior technical performance. They come in a variety of colours, shapes and forms and are purchased as much for their appearance as their performance. The ground-breaking manufacturing technique that allowed the development of the plimsoll was called vulcanisation, which is still used today. This process uses heat to meld rubber and cloth together. Sulphur is used during the process.

Plimsolls were revolutionary at the time as they provided comfort, were lightweight and allowed the user to move around silently. Plimsolls became known as sneakers and were sold on a mass scale in America as early as 1917. In the four years since the last Olympics in Athens technology has moved on somewhat and has definitely moved on since the plimsoll days.

Trainers and clothing has evolved to be lighter and stronger. But what part has technology had to play in enhancing the performance of our Olympians? Trainers and sport shoes have evolved, we have different shoes for each event and each pair of shoes is manufactured from a variety of number materials chosen because of their individual properties to put strength and flexibility where it is needed most.

Materials such as Kevlar which is ten times stronger than leather, leather or canvas which is both thin, stable and of a low density, foam blown polyurethane which gives a shoe extra cushioning and thermoplastic polyurethane which make a shoe both strong and pliable.

As technology has evolved scientists have developed new composite materials which work together to produce a better performance than that of the two or three separate materials. Differing materials offer different properties such as stability; offering resistance to twisting and warping. When weight is applied to a material over a period of time it will creep (flatten out and spread).

Some materials are used for their elastic properties, the ability to flex and bend when force is applied and then retain its original shape when the force is removed. Finally, some materials are chosen for their density which can be explained as the amount of matter in an object has per measurement of space, these materials are generally used for shock absorption.

Polyurethane is a unique material that offers the elasticity of rubber combined with the toughness and durability of metal. The flexible type of polyurethane is used to make upholstery, mattresses, earplugs, chemical-resistant coatings, specialty adhesives and sealants, and packaging.

It also comes to the rigid forms of insulation for buildings, water heaters, refrigerated transport, and commercial and residential refrigeration. It is used in the manufacture of sports shoes because of its lightweight shock absorption properties as well as being pliable as well as having great torsional and bending strength. Kevlar is one of the most important man-made organic fibres ever developed. The fibre possesses a remarkable combination of properties that has led to its use in a variety of commercial products since its invention in the 1970's.

The fibres of Kevlar consist of long inter-connecting molecular chains produces from poly - paraphenylene terephthalamide. Kevlar offers high tensile strength with a low weight, structural rigidity, low electrical conductivity, high chemical resistance, low thermal shrinkage, excellent dimensional strength, high cut resistance, flame resistant and self extinguishing. Pretty versatile really!

Spiked running shoes have been around for over 100 years created by the British company Reebok in the 1890's. The spiked shoe was developed out of necessity. The founder of the company enjoyed running and wanted to develop a shoe that would increase his speed.

In 1925 a company called Adi Dassler now known as Adidas created a range of shoes with hand-forged spikes. They offered a range of shoes for different distances. The company used the strongest and lightest materials available at the time to make the running shoes. Adi Dassler's brother went on to found the Puma sports shoe company.

The involvement of science and technology in the 1970's sports shoe manufacturers employed experts to conduct research into how humans run. They also investigated the shock effect to the body caused by the collision between the feet and the ground. Their finding helped to develop new, improved sports shoes.

Their research found three types of running styles:

Neutral:
This is where the heel of the runner makes contact with the ground and the foot travels in a straight line as it moves forward.

Pronation:
This where the heel hits the ground but this time the foot moves to the side as it travels forward. It refers to the inward roll of the foot.

Supenation:
This is where the heel hits the ground and the foot rolls outward. In modern times such materials as foam, silicon, air or gel have been added into trainers, these have been used to create cushioning systems in modern running shoes. In the 1970's a plastic called 'ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)' was developed.

This material revolutionised the construction of sports shoes. It was made up of tiny air bubbles that provide cushioning and absorbs shock. This material is injection moulded into shapes, which serve as heel supports. Nike's Air technology, which used a gas-filled bag of air inserted in the sole of the shoe to cushion the impact of running, first appeared in 1979. The pair of sneakers was named; Tailwind and these technologically advanced air-soles had provided a good foundation for which further Nike advancements are based on.

Since then, athletic shoes have become increasingly specialized and prices for various sneakers have grown in accordance to the advances in technology and its value-added features. Some shoes sold in the 1980's even included a pump valve so you could inflate or deflate the heel on your shoe as if they were bicycle tyres

Following the introduction of Nike shoes, a technical breakthrough occurred in 1972 when Bill Bowerman, while studying the pattern on a waffle iron, came up with a great idea - waffle soles. Bowerman then cooked some rubber in his waffle iron and glued it to the bottom of a pair of shoes, which he later gave to athletes to test. The athletes came back with great reviews and the sneakers were well received in the market.

The patented outsole revolutionized running by offering better traction in a lighter-weight, more durable shoe.
In 2003 American spent on average 50 dollars on a pair of sports shoes. Companies sponsor most top athletes. This means that they are paid a fortune to wear the company's products during a sporting competition.

The Olympics is the biggest sporting event in the world attracting worldwide television viewers. This offers an ideal opportunity for sports companies to get their products seen. As well as being finely honed athletes and sports people, athletes are now fantastic marketing tools for the sport shoe companies. Wouldn't it be interesting if all the athletes in this year's Olympics had to wear plimsolls, the only choice they could make would be the colour, black or white?
We'd see the real Olympic champions then.

About the Author

nike spikes

You may not always agree with my writings but I hope to inform.

Harwood E Woodpecker

what are the differences between stiff mid and regular flex on reebok hockey sticks or any other kind of stic?

Stiff flex is less whippy than a regular flex.

In english, if you exert the same amount of force on both stiff and regular flex sticks, the regular stick will bend more than the stiff flex. Another way to put this is to say that the the stiff flex takes more energy to bend than the the regular flex.

Reebok 6.0.6 Hockey Stick

Reebok Buffalo Bills NFL Structured Flex Cap $25 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Buffalo Bills' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Cincinnati Bengals NFL Structured Flex Cap $25 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Cincinnati Bengals' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Tampa Bay Buccaneers NFL Structured Flex Cap $25 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Tampa Bay Buccaneers' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Kansas City Chiefs NFL Structured Flex Cap $25 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Kansas City Chiefs' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Premier Flex GTX V $100 Comfort, fit and performance make the Premier Flex GTX V a top choice for your next shoe. The Walking Stride Guide construction ensures optimal handling through the footstrike, while the DMX Ride cushioning system and waterproof Gore-Tex liner make for a more comfortable ride.

Reebok CrossFit Flex Nano - Men's $119.99 Introducing the world’s first shoe designed and developed by and for CrossFitter’s. With enough stability to keep you grounded while lifting, a minimalist platform and enough cushioning for cardio and endurance movement, this lightweight training shoe is

Reebok CrossFit Flex Nano - Women's $119.99 Introducing the world’s first shoe designed and developed by and for CrossFitter’s. With enough stability to keep you grounded while lifting, a minimalist platform and enough cushioning for cardio and endurance movement, this lightweight training shoe is

Reebok RealFlex Run Women's Running Shoes $79.99 Reebok RealFlex Women's Shoes - Reebok RealFlex is all about natural movement. Engineered with 76 individual flex-friendly sensors, these shoes are designed to help your feet move and flex as you run, jump and stretch.

Reebok Buffalo Bills Players Cap $25 Reebok Men's Hat - Be proud of your team. Wear what the players wear on game day. This Reebok cap a structured fit and six panels with eyelet. Flex fit means that one size fits most. Chargers' logo is embroidered front and center. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Buckettown Men's Basketball Shoes $59.99 Reebok Men's Basketball Shoes - In the lane, from the outside or posting up – the Reebok Buckettown is an ideal choice for your next on-court shoe. The Reebok Hexalite airspring cushioning, lateral handling, forefoot flex grooves and DMX Ride cushioning deliver game-long comfort and support.

Reebok Instant Men's Running Shoes $44.99 Reebok Men's Running Shoes - Comfort and support, traction and durability, reactive performance – the Reebok Instant’s got it all. The midsole of this running shoe offers two added layers of comfort and cushioning to get you through those long runs, while the forefoot flex grooves maximize performance through every push off.

Reebok SolarVibe Women's Running Shoes $54.99 Reebok Women's Shoes - The Reebok SolarVibe training shoe with VibeTech energy-efficient foam cushioning system is designed to maximize your workout. Plus it has a SmoothFit seamless upper, 3D Ultralite cushioning and forefoot flex grooves for optimal pushoff. Perfect for running,

Reebok SolarVibe Men's Running Shoes $54.99 Reebok Men's Shoes - The Reebok SolarVibe training shoe with VibeTech energy-efficient foam cushioning system is designed to maximize your workout. Plus it has a SmoothFit seamless upper, 3D Ultralite cushioning and forefoot flex grooves for optimal pushoff. Perfect for running,

Reebok SolarVibe Women's Shoes $54.99 Reebok Shoes - The SolarVibe training shoe – with VibeTech energy-efficient foam cushioning system – is designed to maximize your workout. Plus it has a SmoothFit seamless upper, 3D Ultralite cushioning and forefoot flex grooves for optimal pushoff. Perfect for running,

Reebok Florida Panthers NHL Structured Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Florida Panthers' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Phoenix Coyotes NHL Structured Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Phoenix Coyotes' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Carolina Hurricanes NHL Structured Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Carolina Hurricanes' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok New York Islanders NHL Structured Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. New York Islanders' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Edmonton Oilers NHL Structured Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Edmonton Oilers' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Carolina Hurricanes NHL 2nd Season Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Hurricanes logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Dallas Stars NHL Structured Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Dallas Stars' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Atlanta Thrashers NHL Structured Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Atlanta Thrashers' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Trail Fogcutter Men's Trail Running Shoes $49.99 Reebok Men's Running Shoes - A new addition to our trail collection, the Trail Fogcutter – with its multi-surface outsole, Reebok DMX Ride cushioning and forefoot flex grooves – will take you off the beaten path. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Nashville Predators NHL Structured Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Nashville Predators' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok New Jersey Devils NHL Structured Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. New Jersey Devils' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Tampa Bay Lightning NHL Structured Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Tampa Bay Lightning' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Montreal Canadiens NHL 2nd Season Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Canadiens logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Anaheim Ducks NHL 2nd Season Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Ducks logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Toronto Maple Leafs NHL Structured Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Toronto Maple Leafs' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Pittsburgh Penguins NHL Structured Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Pittsburgh Penguins' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Florida Panthers NHL 2nd Season Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Panthers' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok St. Louis Blues NHL Structured Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. St Louis Blues' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Boston Bruins NHL Structured Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Boston Bruins' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Colorado Avalanche NHL Structured Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Colorado Avalanches' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Columbus Blue Jackets NHL Structured Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Columbus Blue Jackets' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Montreal Canadiens NHL Structured Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Montreal Canadiens' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Washington Capitals NHL Structured Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Washington Capitals' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Anaheim Ducks NHL Structured Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Anaheim Ducks' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Calgary Flames NHL Structured Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Calgary Flames' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Philadelphia Flyers NHL Structured Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Philadelphia Flyers' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Los Angeles Kings NHL Structured Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Los Angeles Kings' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok New York Rangers NHL Structured Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. New York Rangers' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Detroit Red Wings NHL Structured Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Detroit Red Wings' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Buffalo Sabres NHL Structured Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Buffalo Sabres' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Ottawa Senators NHL Structured Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Ottawa Senators' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok San Jose Sharks NHL Structured Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. San Jose Sharks' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Minnesota Wild NHL Structured Cap $24 Reebok Men's Hat - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Minnesota Wild' logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Cruise On $45 Comfort, style and performance define the Cruise On. A perfect choice for your next running shoe, it’s got a mesh combo upper for optimal breathability and forefoot flex grooves for flexibility through the entire footstrike.

Reebok Racehound $50 Look to the Racehound for your next 5K, the treadmill and beyond. This understated running shoe features our DMX Ride cushioning system and forefoot flex grooves for optimal flexibility through pushoff.

Reebok RealFlex Run Men's Running Shoes $79.99 Reebok Men's RealFlex Shoes - Reebok RealFlex is all about natural movement. Engineered with 76 individual flex-friendly sensors, these shoes are designed to help your feet move and flex as you run, jump and stretch. Through the footstrike, through the pushoff - you have 76 new running buddi

Reebok RealFlex Run Mens Running Shoes $79.99 Reebok Men's Running Shoes - Reebok RealFlex Run Men's. Reebok RealFlex is all about natural movement. Engineered with 76 individual flex-friendly sensors, these shoes are designed to help your feet move and flex as you run, jump and stretch. Through the footstrike, through the pushoff - you have 76 new running buddies to help you along. It’s natural movement - perfected. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok Instant Women's Running Shoes $44.99 Reebok Women's Running Shoes - Comfort and support, traction and durability, reactive performance – the Reebok Instant’s got it all. The midsole of this running shoe offers two added layers of comfort and cushioning to get you through those long runs, while the forefoot flex grooves maximize performance through every push off. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok RaceHound $50 Der Racehound ist der perfekte Begleiter für deinen nächsten 5 km-Lauf, das Laufband und mehr. Dieser schlichte Laufschuh verfügt über unser DMX Ride-Dämpfungssystem und Forefoot Flex Grooves für optimale Beweglichkeit beim Abrollen.

Reebok ZigTech: ZigSonic Men's Running Shoes $94.99 Reebok ZigTech Shoes - Built for training and more, the Reebok ZigSonic features our unique ZigTech sole, designed to provide the perfect balance of energy efficiency and cushioning. This top workout shoe also features a a lateral support design and forefoot flex grooves for added flexibility.

Reebok New Jersey Devils NHL 2nd Season Cap $24 Reebok Hockey Jersey - At home or at the game, wear your team's colors. This Reebok cap features six panels with eyelets. Devils logo embroidered front and center and conference at the bill. Contrasting color strip. Flex sizing means one size fits most. Structured front. Reebok Official Site.

Reebok RealFlex Run Suede Men's Running Shoes $89.99 Reebok Shoes - RealFlex is all about natural movement. Engineered with 76 individual flex-friendly sensors, these shoes are designed to help your feet move and flex as you run, jump and stretch. Through the footstrike, through the pushoff - you have 76 new running buddi

Reebok RealFlex Run Suede Women's Running Shoes $89.99 Reebok Shoes - RealFlex is all about natural movement. Engineered with 76 individual flex-friendly sensors, these shoes are designed to help your feet move and flex as you run, jump and stretch. Through the footstrike, through the pushoff - you have 76 new running buddi

Reebok RealFlex Chill $24.99 The RealFlex Chill offers kids a sandal with multi-direction flex nodes that will get their feet to move and flex as they run, jump and stretch. Perfect for summer. It’s play - perfected.

Reebok RealFlex Optimal $94.98 The RealFlex Optimal is all about natural movement. Engineered with individual flex-friendly sensors and an Ultralite sole, these shoes are designed to help your feet move and flex as you run, jump and stretch. It’s natural movement - perfected.

Reebok Classic RealFlex Runner $89.99 Engineered with individual flex-friendly sensors, the retro-inspired Classic RealFlex Runner is designed to flex as you walk, run, jump and stretch. It’s casual style and natural movement, perfected.

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